【獸藥名(ming)稱】 通(tong)用名稱： 伊維(wei)菌素(su)注射(she)液

【主要成分】 伊維(wei)菌素。 

【性       狀】 本品(pin)為(wei)無色或幾(ji)乎無色的澄明(ming)液(ye)體(ti)，略黏稠(chou)。

【藥理作(zuo)用(yong)】 藥效(xiao)學 伊(yi)維(wei)菌素(su)(su)主要(yao)對(dui)體內(nei)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)和(he)(he)體表(biao)節(jie)肢動物(wu)(wu)具有良好驅殺作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。 其驅蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)機理在于(yu)促進突觸前神(shen)經(jing)元(yuan)釋放γ-氨基丁酸（GABA），從(cong)(cong)而(er)打(da)開 GABA 介導(dao)的(de)氯(lv)離子(zi)通(tong)道(dao)。伊(yi)維(wei)菌素(su)(su)對(dui)無(wu)脊椎(zhui)動物(wu)(wu)神(shen)經(jing)和(he)(he)肌肉細胞位(wei)(wei)于(yu) GABA 介導(dao)位(wei)(wei)點附近的(de)谷(gu)氨酸介導(dao)的(de)氯(lv)離子(zi)通(tong)道(dao)也(ye)具有選擇性和(he)(he)高親和(he)(he)力，從(cong)(cong)而(er)干(gan)擾神(shen)經(jing)肌肉間的(de)信(xin)號傳遞，使(shi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體松弛麻痹，導(dao)致蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體死亡(wang)或(huo)被排(pai)出體外。線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)抑制性中(zhong)(zhong)間神(shen)經(jing)元(yuan)和(he)(he)興奮性運動神(shen)經(jing)元(yuan)是其作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)部位(wei)(wei)，而(er)節(jie)肢動物(wu)(wu)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)部位(wei)(wei)是神(shen)經(jing)肌肉接(jie)頭。對(dui)牛、羊的(de)血(xue)矛線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、奧斯特(te)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、古柏線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、毛(mao)圓(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)（包括艾氏毛(mao)圓(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)）、圓(yuan)形線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、仰口(kou)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、細頸線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、毛(mao)首線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、食(shi)道(dao)口(kou)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、網尾(wei)(wei)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)以及(ji)綿(mian)(mian)羊夏伯特(te)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、第四期幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)驅除率 97％～100％。對(dui)節(jie)肢動物(wu)(wu)亦很有效(xiao)，如蠅蛆(qu)、螨(man)和(he)(he)虱(shi)(shi)等。對(dui)嚼虱(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)綿(mian)(mian)羊羊蜱(pi)蠅療效(xiao)稍(shao)差(cha)。伊(yi)維(wei)菌素(su)(su)對(dui)蜱(pi)以及(ji)糞(fen)便中(zhong)(zhong)繁殖的(de)蠅也(ye)極有效(xiao)，藥物(wu)(wu)雖不能(neng)立即使(shi)蜱(pi)死亡(wang)，但(dan)能(neng)影響攝食(shi)、蛻皮(pi)和(he)(he)產卵，從(cong)(cong)而(er)降(jiang)低生殖能(neng)力。對(dui)血(xue)蠅的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)相似。對(dui)豬的(de)蛔蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、紅色豬圓(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、蘭氏類圓(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、毛(mao)首線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、食(shi)道(dao)口(kou)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、后(hou)圓(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、有齒(chi)冠(guan)尾(wei)(wei)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)及(ji)未成(cheng)熟蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體驅除率達 94％～100％，對(dui)腸道(dao)內(nei)旋(xuan)毛(mao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)（肌肉內(nei)旋(xuan)毛(mao) 蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)無(wu)效(xiao)）也(ye)極有效(xiao)，對(dui)豬血(xue)虱(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)豬疥螨(man)也(ye)有良好控制作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。對(dui)吸蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)和(he)(he)絳(jiang)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)無(wu)效(xiao)。

藥動學 伊維菌素的(de)(de)藥動學因動物種(zhong)屬、劑型和(he)給藥途徑的(de)(de)不同而有(you)明顯(xian)差異。皮下注射的(de)(de)生物利(li)用(yong)度(du)比(bi)內服高，但(dan)內服比(bi)皮下注射吸(xi)收(shou)迅速。吸(xi)收(shou)后能很好分(fen)布到大(da)部分(fen)組(zu)織， 但(dan)不易進入腦脊髓液(ye)。牛、綿羊和(he)豬(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)表(biao)觀分(fen)布容(rong)積(ji)分(fen)別為(wei)(wei)(wei) 0.45～2.4、4.6 和(he) 4 L/kg。在(zai)(zai)大(da)多數動物有(you)較長(chang)的(de)(de)半衰期(qi)，牛、綿羊和(he)豬(zhu)(zhu)分(fen)別為(wei)(wei)(wei) 2～3、2～7 和(he) 0.5 天。本品在(zai)(zai)肝進行(xing)代(dai)謝，在(zai)(zai) 牛、綿羊主(zhu)要進行(xing)羥(qian)化，在(zai)(zai)豬(zhu)(zhu)主(zhu)要為(wei)(wei)(wei)甲基(ji)化。主(zhu)要從(cong)糞便排(pai)(pai)(pai)出(chu)(chu)，少(shao)于(yu) 5％以(yi)原形或代(dai)謝產物 從(cong)尿中排(pai)(pai)(pai)泄。在(zai)(zai)泌乳母(mu)畜有(you)高達 5％的(de)(de)給藥量從(cong)乳中排(pai)(pai)(pai)出(chu)(chu)。

【藥物相互(hu)作(zuo)用】 與乙胺嗪同時(shi)使用，可(ke)能產(chan)生嚴重的(de)或(huo)致(zhi)死性腦病。

【作用(yong)用(yong)途】 大環內(nei)酯類(lei)抗寄(ji)生蟲(chong)藥。用(yong)于防治家(jia)畜線蟲(chong)病(bing)、螨(man)病(bing)及其他寄(ji)生性昆蟲(chong)病(bing)。

【用法用量】 皮下注射：一次量，每 1kg 體重，牛、羊 0.02 ml；豬 0.03 ml。

【不良反應】

（1）用于治療牛皮蠅蚴病時，如殺死(si)的幼蟲在關鍵部位(wei)，將(jiang)會(hui)引起嚴重的不良反應(ying)。

（2）注(zhu)射時，注(zhu)射部位有(you)不適或暫時性水腫(zhong)。

【注意事項】

（1）泌乳期禁用。

（2）僅限于皮下注射(she)，因肌(ji)內、靜脈注射(she)易引起中毒反(fan)應。每個(ge)皮下注射(she)點，不宜(yi)超過 10ml。

（3）含甘油縮甲(jia)醛和丙二醇的(de)伊(yi)維菌(jun)素注(zhu)射(she)劑(ji)，僅適用于牛(niu)、羊和豬。

（4）伊維菌素對蝦、魚及(ji)水(shui)生(sheng)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)有(you)劇毒，殘存(cun)藥(yao)物(wu)(wu)及(ji)包裝(zhuang)切勿污染水(shui)源。

（5）與乙胺嗪同時(shi)使(shi)用，可(ke)能產(chan)生嚴(yan)重的或致死性腦病。

【休(xiu)  藥  期】 牛、羊 35 日，豬 28 日。